Supply
63.0% of EUR stablecoin supply · 1st of 16 EUR stablecoins with supply
Peg today
below 1 EUR
Chains
1st of 15 EUR stablecoins read on chain · median 4
Holders on Ethereum
1st of 10 EUR stablecoins scanned on Ethereum
Share of supply in lending
at least · EUR median 26.0%
Best yield
ranked by lower of 30d and spot APY × deposits · Aave V3 · 2.84% base, 0% rewards · 30-day avg 2.37%
EURC is a EUR stablecoin issued by Circle, launched on 30 Jun 2022.
EURC is the largest euro stablecoin by supply. It is well ahead of the next one, Societe Generale-Forge's EURCV, and its current share of euro stablecoin supply is on the card above. Circle issues it through Circle Internet Financial Europe SAS, which received an electronic money institution licence from France's ACPR and began issuing EURC under MiCA on 1 July 2024.
Circle's developer documentation lists EURC contracts on nine chains: Arc, Avalanche C-Chain, Base, Cronos, Ethereum, Plasma, Solana, Stellar and World Chain.
Sources: Circle, EURC product page, Circle developer docs, EURC contract addresses, DeFiLlama stablecoins API, euro-pegged circulating supply, Circle press release, Circle is First Global Stablecoin Issuer to Comply with MiCA (1 July 2024), DeFiLlama stablecoin chart: EURC circulating (peggedEUR)
How much EURC is in circulation, which chains carry it and who holds it.
The total is circulating supply: 509.2M EURC read from the contracts, less 58.2M EURC that Circle holds unissued in its own treasury wallets on Solana, read onchain in the same snapshot. Each chain row takes those wallets off the chain that holds them. The supply chart draws contract supply, which still includes the treasury.
Tempo holds bridged supply: each token there is backed by Ethereum supply, or by a custodian holding it. The total counts each token once, so bridged supply shows on the chain that holds it, marked “bridged from” its source, and comes off the source chain's row.
Supply exists onchain that the issuer states is not in circulation.
All EUR stablecoins, 30d: the change in DeFiLlama circulating supply summed over the 16 EUR stablecoins with a reading at both ends of the window. Wrappers and rebasing stablecoins are left out. It is DeFiLlama’s figure, not a DIA read.
Source: DIA first-party onchain reads of contract supply, the chart’s line, which includes the issuer treasury. Each figure is the change in contract supply across EURC’s chains between two daily snapshots. Circulating supply is not used for these windows. Not mints minus redeems: DIA does not publish issuance flow.
Share and rank are against the combined supply of the 16 active EUR stablecoins on the map, each valued at DIA’s own read and price where DIA holds one and at DeFiLlama’s circulating figure otherwise. Wrappers are left out, as in every total on the map.
450.9M EURC (US$506.0M)unissued
63.0% of all EUR stablecoin supply, #1 of 16
Circulating. Excludes 58.2M EURC held unissued in Circle’s treasury.
Ethereum 70.6% · other chains 29.4%
Supply growth
Counted on Ethereum. Excludes protocol and bridge contracts and issuer treasuries. Shares are of the supply on Ethereum less issuer treasuries and burn addresses. Protocol and bridge contracts stay in that supply but are not counted among the largest holders. The median column compares stablecoins counted on the same chain. A few of them are read from DIA’s replay state, which leaves contracts in, so a median can mix two rules.
Source: Blockscout.
27,422holders on Ethereum
1st of 10 EUR stablecoins on Ethereum
| EURC | Median, 6 EUR stablecoins on Ethereum | |
|---|---|---|
| Top holder | 16.0% | 47.0% |
| Top 10 | 39.3% | 91.1% |
| Top 50 | 59.7% | 95.6% |
| Top 100 | 68.2% | 96.9% |
Excludes protocol and bridge contracts and issuer treasuries. Shares are of the supply on Ethereum less issuer treasuries and burn addresses. Protocol and bridge contracts stay in that supply but are not counted among the largest holders.
How far EURC trades from its EUR peg, from DIA's daily price reads.
Figures are in basis points: 100 bps = 1%.
Peg volatility is how much EURC's price swings around 1 EUR from one day to the next: the standard deviation over 30 or 90 days. A stablecoin that sits steadily at 0.998 EUR scores near zero. Largest deviation is the single day in the last 12 months furthest from 1 EUR, signed.
The ranking counts every active EUR stablecoin with at least two daily prices in the last 90 days.
Prices are daily closes at 00:00 UTC, from DeFiLlama with CoinGecko where DeFiLlama has no price. The chart beside this panel plots those same daily closes, so every figure in the table can be found on a line here. DeFiLlama quoted rounded and filled prices until 30 September 2025, so for USDT and USDC the closes before 1 October 2025 are the median of exchange closes instead, and a filled US$1.0000 close is left out of the typical move and the largest move.
Stablecoins whose value rises by design, such as savings wrappers, are left out. Their price is a yield curve, not a peg.
Only USD stablecoins are compared. Other currencies are priced through a daily exchange rate fixed at a different time of day from the stablecoin's close. That gap shows up as the same false depeg on every stablecoin of the currency at once.
For a EUR stablecoin, the largest deviation leaves out days when most other EUR stablecoins closed the same distance from par on the same side: that move is the exchange rate, not EURC. A move EURC makes alone, or a discount it holds while the others stay at par, is kept.
19 bps
Peg volatility, 90 days
typical day-to-day swing around 1 EUR
Leaves out 27 days when most other EUR stablecoins moved the same way. The EUR exchange rate is taken at a different time from the close, so a move shared by the whole currency is timing, not a depeg. The chart still shows those days.
| Stablecoin | Today | 30d | 90d | Largest |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| −5 bps (−0.05%) | 28 bps | 19 bps | +49 bps (+0.49%) |
Circle states that "EURC is always redeemable 1:1 for euros". The mechanism behind the peg is redemption at par against a reserve of bank deposits rather than an algorithm or a collateral ratio, which is why the reserve report is the peg disclosure.
Circle's MiCA Redemption Policy gives every EURC holder a right of redemption at par and sets out who may redeem directly, the eligibility conditions and the identity checks. For retail holders, Circle Internet Financial Europe SAS states that payment should not take more than five business days once verifications are complete. The 1:1 statement describes the redemption right that backs the peg.
Sources: Circle, EURC product page, Circle, transparency page, Circle, MiCA Redemption Policy
US$71.7M of EURC is supplied to 34 lending markets on 12 protocols, 12.5% of its onchain supply. The median across the 5 EUR stablecoins in lending markets is 26.0%.
At least this much EURC is supplied to lending markets DIA reads onchain, where it can be borrowed. The figure is gross: most of it is on loan, and a borrower can deposit borrowed EURC again, so the same money can count more than once. Coins posted only as isolated collateral (Morpho-style) are not counted. Excludes DEX liquidity, CDP collateral, and chains or protocols DIA does not yet track.
Source: DIA's own reads of each lending contract. Balances, supply and borrow rates and utilisation all come from the same read. A market not refreshed in the last 3 days, holding under US$1,000 of EURC, or pinned at full utilisation with runaway interest is left out.
Token balances are converted to USD at DIA's own price for EURC.
Both figures are averages across markets, weighted by how much EURC each market holds. A US$1B market counts a thousand times more than a US$1M one. Markets holding 100% of the balance report an APY.
Ranks and the median compare EURC with the 5 EUR stablecoins that have a published lending balance on this map, each measured the same way. Coins with no balance in a market DIA reads are not in the median.
US$71.7M12.5% of supply
supplied to 34 lending markets on 12 protocols
Median across 5 EUR stablecoins in lending markets: 26.0%
74%
Borrowed
share of supplied EURC now on loan
3.73%
Average supply APY
weighted by EURC balance in each market
By protocol
EURC in lending markets, by chain, largest first. The bar is each chain's share of EURC's lending balance.
Among 5 EUR stablecoins in lending markets
Top 5 EURC pools by TVL with a quoted APY.
TVL is what is deposited in the pool. For lending pools, that is before loans are taken out.
| APY | Composition | 30d avg | Quality | Protocol | Chain | Rewards | ▼TVL | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2.84% | 2.37% | OrganicStable | +0.00% | US$40.7M | Lending | |||
2.22% | 1.79% | OrganicStable | +0.00% | US$9.3M | Lending | |||
0.82% | 0.46% | LP fees · IL riskVolatile | +0.00% | US$5.6M | LP | |||
6.60% | 5.14% | OrganicStable | +0.00% | US$4.4M | Lending | |||
10.38% | 15.49% | LP fees · IL riskStable | +0.00% | US$3.1M | LP |
Source: DeFiLlama, DexScreener and on-chain balances, updated 2 Nov 2026. The 30 largest of 32 pools by EURC held.
EURC in pool is EURC's own side of the pool, at its USD price. Pool liquidity counts both sides.
US$9.4M of EURC sits in 32 DEX pools across 9 DEXs.
| DEX | Pair | Chain | Pool liquidity | ▼EURC in pool | 24h volume |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EURC / EURCV | US$5.6M | US$2.4M | US$237.9K | ||
| EURC / USDC | US$3.0M | US$2.3M | US$910.7K | ||
| EURC / USDC | US$2.0M | US$1.7M | US$78.8K | ||
| EURC / USDC | US$404.3K | US$387.3K | US$977.2K | ||
| EURC / USDC | US$412.9K | US$295.6K | US$1.1M | ||
| EURC / USDC | US$389.1K | US$291.0K | US$378.9K | ||
| EURC / USDC | US$534.9K | US$240.8K | US$4.5M | ||
| EURC / WETH | US$605.9K | US$211.1K | US$790.8K | ||
| EURC / ETH | US$401.3K | US$179.2K | US$2.2K | ||
| EURC / USDC | US$168.5K | US$161.4K | US$11 | ||
| EURC / USDC | US$212.2K | US$155.7K | US$297.0K | ||
| EURC / USDC | US$124.2K | US$119.9K | US$12.2K | ||
| EURC / USDC | US$150.7K | US$118.7K | US$527.0K | ||
| EURC / USDC | US$119.3K | US$117.3K | US$15.4K | ||
| jEUR / EURC | US$202.6K | US$97.2K | US$1.3K | ||
| EUR0 / EURC | US$105.3K | US$87.4K | US$1.1K | ||
| EURe / EURC | US$176.8K | US$80.9K | US$82.1K | ||
| EURC / cbBTC | US$111.0K | US$62.7K | US$137.5K | ||
| EURC / USDC | US$83.5K | US$56.7K | US$5.8K | ||
| EURC / USDC | US$80.1K | US$51.4K | US$28.0K | ||
| EURC / USDC | US$71.4K | US$48.0K | US$3.0K | ||
| USDT / EURC | US$69.0K | US$45.1K | US$305.4K | ||
| EURC / USDC | US$119.6K | US$39.9K | US$6.7K | ||
| EURC / USDC | US$28.4K | US$23.2K | US$19 | ||
| EURC / WETH | US$40.1K | US$22.0K | US$32.4K | ||
| EURC / WETH | US$23.1K | US$21.6K | US$427 | ||
| EURC / USDC | US$27.1K | US$21.5K | US$10.1K | ||
| EURC / WETH | US$24.9K | US$20.0K | US$11.1K | ||
| EURC / USDC | US$24.5K | US$17.0K | US$2.3K | ||
| EURI / EURC | US$17.0K | US$16.9K | US$53.7K |
EURC is designed to be backed by cash and money-market assets.
The June 2026 report shows EURC reserves as entirely cash: EUR 389,833,314 held at regulated financial institutions, with a net timing adjustment of EUR (5,095,955), for reserve assets at fair value of EUR 384,737,359 against EURC in circulation of 381,986,779 at 30 June 2026. No treasury bills, no reverse repo, no sovereign debt of any kind. There is no securities line in the table at all, which is a different structure from USDC's and puts a euro holder behind bank credit rather than behind government paper.
The timing adjustment changes sign between the report's two dates, from positive EUR 1,994,343 at 2 June to negative EUR 5,095,955 at 30 June, so it is a working settlement balance rather than a rounding plug. And the reserve exceeds circulation by EUR 2,750,580, about seven tenths of a percent. That margin has to be read against circulation and not against the 438,424,381 total supply on approved chains, because the difference between the two is tokens that exist and are issued to nobody.
That last point corrects a claim in circulation elsewhere. Several secondary write-ups describe EURC as holding short-duration euro sovereign debt and overnight reverse repos. That is USDC's composition, not EURC's. EURC's reserve is cash, and the distinction cuts both ways: no duration or repo counterparty exposure, and no instrument in it that is not a deposit claim.
The June 2026 report is signed by Deloitte & Touche LLP, which has signed the monthly EURC reports since January 2023. The series runs unbroken from June 2022, and the 2022 reports were signed by Grant Thornton LLP. One gap remains in what an external reader can check. The custodian banks are described only as "regulated financial institutions" holding segregated accounts, so the specific institutional exposure is not nameable.
Deloitte examined one assertion by Circle's management: that the fair value of assets held in the EURC reserve is equal to or greater than EURC in circulation at the report dates. That is an inequality. The circulation figure itself is a line in management's own report, computed from criteria management defines, and it reaches the opinion only through that definition. So the document is evidence that the reserve covered the tokens. It is not an independent count of the tokens.
The contrast with XSGD, attested in Singapore under a different standard, makes the point sharper than any general caution could. There the accountant's examined information sets out the circulation level as a line of its own, alongside the same inequality. Both reports carry reasonable assurance and a positive opinion, and a reader asking how much of the coin exists still gets a direct answer from one and a derived one from the other.
One thing this report does not do is read the chain. Every blockchain reference in it sits inside management's criteria. The accountant's own paragraphs describe the procedures only in the general form the standard requires, that their nature, timing and extent depend on the firm's judgment, and no chain, contract or block appears as something the firm queried. That is no defect in an engagement about a bank reserve. It does mean nothing in this document independently verifies the token side of the balance, which is the half this map measures for itself.
EURC supply read from contract state on the chains the map indexes is a different quantity from the circulation figure above and should not be confused with it.
Sources: EURC Examination Report, June 2026, Circle transparency, XSGD SCS Reserve Account Report, 30 June 2026, Circle, EUROC examination report, June 2022, Circle, EUROC examination report, January 2023
0xbef5f6d5…c6fe21c1blacklist(address), unBlacklist(address) +1paused()mint(address,uint256), configureMinter(address,uint256) +1zeppelinos-legacy0xc891eb4c…505c2acdblacklist(address), unBlacklist(address) +1paused()mint(address,uint256), configureMinter(address,uint256) +1zeppelinos-legacy0x60a3e35c…db1adb42blacklist(address), unBlacklist(address) +1paused()mint(address,uint256), configureMinter(address,uint256) +1zeppelinos-legacy0xa6de01a2…52c554c8blacklist(address), unBlacklist(address) +1paused()mint(address,uint256), configureMinter(address,uint256) +1zeppelinos-legacy0x1abaea1f…4b1bc33cblacklist(address), unBlacklist(address) +1paused()mint(address,uint256), configureMinter(address,uint256) +1zeppelinos-legacy0x3ee196e7…57fafd2cblacklist(address), unBlacklist(address) +1paused()mint(address,uint256), configureMinter(address,uint256) +1zeppelinos-legacyHzwqbKZw8H…7uBEDKtrfreezeAuthoritymintAuthority0x20c00000…71cf12fbNo control settled on this deployment.
0x1c60ba0a…5ce2380bblacklist(address), unBlacklist(address) +1paused()mint(address,uint256), configureMinter(address,uint256) +1zeppelinos-legacyContract controls are not read on Stellar yet.
Read from the deployed contract and its account on each chain. A control with no row is one the read could not settle, which is not the same as absent. “No” appears only where the verified contract source lists every function, or where the chain records that the control cannot exist, such as a package published as immutable.
Contract can freeze · pause · mint · upgrade (proxy)
Independent reserve attestations are published monthly.
Circle Internet Financial Europe SAS is the licensed electronic money institution that issues and redeems EURC as a MiCA-regulated e-money token in the EEA. The reserve assertion behind the monthly report is made by a different company, Circle Internet Group, Inc., the US parent, signed by its Chief Accounting Officer and dated 29 July 2026.
Both entities are named, and they are not the same legal person. The MiCA authorisation sits with the French subsidiary and the reserve assertion sits with the parent.
Sources: Circle, EURC product page, EURC Examination Report, reserve as of 30 June 2026, signed 29 July 2026 (PDF)
Reserve attestation
Attested by Deloitte & Touche LLP · last report 31 Aug 2026
Recognised regimelicence tier of Circle
The reserve is entirely cash at regulated financial institutions, and those institutions are not named. A reserve held as deposits carries the credit standing of whoever holds it, and nothing in the published report lets a reader assess which institutions those are or how the balance is spread across them.
Circle's MiCA Redemption Policy sets out who may redeem and the conditions, including identity verification, transaction monitoring and asset freeze checks. For retail holders, payment is expected within five business days once those checks are complete.
The MiCA licence and the reserve assertion sit with two different companies in two jurisdictions, so a reader tracing recourse has to trace it through both.
Sources: EURC Examination Report, reserve as of 30 June 2026, signed 29 July 2026 (PDF), Circle, EURC product page, Circle, MiCA Redemption Policy
Circle Internet Financial Europe SAS, a licensed electronic money institution authorised to issue EURC as a regulated e-money token under MiCA in the EEA. The reserve assertion behind the monthly report is made by a different company, Circle Internet Group, Inc., the US parent. Both are named, and they are not the same legal person.
EURC reserves are examined monthly in a series running unbroken since June 2022. Deloitte & Touche LLP has signed the reports since January 2023, and Grant Thornton LLP signed the 2022 reports. Circle's transparency page names Deloitte & Touche LLP as the firm that has audited Circle's financial statements since fiscal 2022.
Cash, and nothing else. The June 2026 report shows EUR 389,833,314 held at regulated financial institutions with a net timing adjustment of EUR (5,095,955), for reserve assets at fair value of EUR 384,737,359. There are no treasury bills, no reverse repo and no sovereign debt. Secondary write-ups that describe EURC as holding short-duration euro government debt are describing USDC's composition, not EURC's.
Yes. Circle Internet Financial Europe SAS holds an electronic money institution licence and issues EURC as a MiCA e-money token in the EEA.
Nine Circle-approved chains: Arc, Avalanche C-Chain, Base, Cronos, Ethereum, Plasma, Solana, Stellar and World Chain.
Contract supply, includes issuer treasury
44 days are left blank: chain coverage changed or a contract read failed, so those totals are not comparable.
Source: DIA onchain reads Updated
Source: DIA rebuild from onchain transfer history (to 11 Aug 2026), Block explorer holder counts (from 12 Aug 2026), Ethereum Updated
Daily close against the EUR peg, in basis points. Drag the handles under the chart to zoom; a range button resets it.
The dotted vertical lines mark market stress events: days the whole market, or a stablecoin others hold as collateral, came under stress. Seeing every stablecoin on the same shock shows how each peg held. Only events with a published source are marked. Each entry under the chart shows every stablecoin's worst daily close within 3 days of the event.
Crypto sold off with global markets as Covid spread, ETH lost close to half its price, and a congested Ethereum let bidders win MakerDAO collateral auctions for zero DAI.
Bitcoin fell as much as 30% to about $30,000 after Chinese industry bodies warned banks off crypto, and more than $8 billion of positions were liquidated.
Terra's algorithmic stablecoin UST fell to about $0.65 as LUNA slid, the start of a run that wiped out both within days.
Tether's USDT fell to about 95 cents on some exchanges as UST collapsed, and recovered after Tether processed more than $3 billion of redemptions.
Crypto lender Celsius paused withdrawals citing extreme market conditions, as the discount of stETH to ETH reached a record 8%.
FTX halted customer withdrawals after about $6 billion left the exchange in 72 hours, and filed for bankruptcy days later.
Circle disclosed $3.3 billion of USDC reserves held at the failed Silicon Valley Bank, and USDC traded as low as $0.87 intraday, closed 11 March near $0.96 (the low a daily-close chart shows) and regained its peg on 13 March.
A reentrancy bug in old Vyper compiler versions let attackers drain over $70 million from Curve pools run by JPEG'd, Metronome and Alchemix.
A Bank of Japan rate rise set off an unwind of yen carry trades, and bitcoin fell to about $49,000 as crypto futures saw over $1 billion of liquidations.
North Korea's Lazarus Group took about $1.5 billion of ETH and stETH from Bybit's cold wallet, and the exchange saw over $4 billion of withdrawals.
Sweeping US tariffs on trading partners set off a global selloff, and bitcoin fell to about $74,500.
A 100% US tariff threat on Chinese imports set off the largest liquidation in crypto history, over $19 billion in a day, and USDe traded as low as $0.65 on Binance.
An attacker drained about $128 million from Balancer V2 pools on six chains through a rounding error in the pool maths.
Stream Finance disclosed a $93 million loss by an external fund manager and froze withdrawals, and its xUSD fell as low as $0.25.
Stables Labs' synthetic dollar USDX fell below $0.60 as redemptions ran ahead of its hedged positions, and lending markets that took it as collateral froze.
Bitcoin fell below $80,000 over a thin-liquidity weekend amid US and Iran tensions, liquidating about $2.5 billion of long positions in a day.
Bitcoin dropped more than 10% in a day to about $63,000, its worst one-day fall since the FTX collapse, as silver, software stocks and US indexes fell with it.
An attacker with a compromised minting key created about 80 million unbacked USR and sold them for roughly $25 million, and USR fell below $0.30.
A forged LayerZero message released 116,500 unbacked rsETH, about $292 million, and Aave, Spark and Fluid froze rsETH markets.
An attacker took over StablR's 1-of-3 minting multisig and minted about $13.5 million of unbacked USDR and EURR, and the issuer froze both coins.
Bitcoin slid below $62,000 on higher-for-longer rate bets and ETF outflows, and about $3 billion of leveraged positions were liquidated over two days.
Source: DeFiLlama and CoinGecko prices Updated